Fiqh Issues In Assisted Reproductive Tehcnology: IVF, Surrogocy, and Lineage in The Biomedical Era
Masalah Fiqh dalam Teknologi Reproduksi Bantu: IVF, Surrogasi, dan Keturunan di Era Biomedis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54396/saliha.v9i1.2423Keywords:
Assisted Reproductive Technology, Islamic Law, Lineage (Nasab), Maqāṣid al-SharīʿahAbstract
The rapid advancement of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), surrogacy, and gamete donation, has generated complex legal and ethical challenges in Islamic law, particularly concerning issues of nasab (lineage). Classical fiqh did not anticipate the technological separation of genetic, gestational, and legal parenthood, creating a normative gap between traditional Islamic legal doctrines and contemporary biomedical practices. This study aims to address this gap by examining how Islamic law responds to the implementation of ART in the modern context. Employing a comparative normative approach, the research analyzes classical fiqh principles, contemporary fatwas issued by Islamic legal institutions, and the framework of maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, with a particular focus on the protection of lineage (ḥifẓ al-nasl), human dignity, and family welfare. The findings indicate that the use of reproductive technology is permissible in Islam provided it remains within the bounds of a valid marital relationship and does not result in lineage confusion. IVF is conditionally allowed when both gametes originate from legally married spouses and the procedure occurs during the subsistence of marriage. Conversely, surrogacy and the use of donor sperm or ova are prohibited due to their potential to disrupt lineage clarity, generate maternal and legal disputes, and encourage the commodification of the human body. This study highlights the urgency of formulating comprehensive sharia-based regulations to ensure that modern biomedical innovations align with Islamic legal and ethical objectives.
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